He did, however, investigate its extent, and suggested that he was willing to exchange Andr for Arnold during negotiations with Clinton concerning Andr's fate. "Whom Can We Trust Now? The arched, double-door main entrance provided a stately, picturesque quality to the home. Major Benjamin Tallmadge was a member of the Continental Army's Culper Ring, a network of spies established under Washington's orders,[97] and he insisted that Jameson order the prisoner to be intercepted and brought back. He returned a hero, but his rash courage and impatient energy had aroused the enmity of several officers. As the park's Facebook page explains, the hero's name was left off the monument for a reason. [31], Arnold was in the West Indies when the Boston Massacre took place on March 5, 1770. [22], The Sugar Act of 1764 and the Stamp Act of 1765 severely curtailed mercantile trade in the colonies. Arnold died in London at the age of 60. Some historians suggested an Arnold liaison in New Brunswick, but Canadian historian Barry Wilson noted the weakness of this traditional account. Once the former Revolutionary War hero . "[102], The British gave Arnold a brigadier general's commission with an annual income of several hundred pounds, but they paid him only 6,315 plus an annual pension of 360[b] for his defection because his plot had failed. [16] He was hardworking and successful, and was able to rapidly expand his business. He dared not tell me his name. He had requested to resign multiple times after being refused promotions and, from December 1779 to January 1780, was court-martialed because of multiple charges of misconduct. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Benedict Arnold High School Gallery Official Name Benedict Arnold High School Location Details Universe Earth-Twelve Country United States of America First Appearance Adventures of Bob Hope #95 ( November, 1965) Contents 1 History 2 Residents 2.1 Students and Alumni 2.2 Faculty 3 Notes 4 See Also History This article is a stub. His performance in the Battle of Ridgefield in Connecticut prompted his promotion to major general. Phillips led further raids across Virginia, including a defeat of Baron von Steuben at Petersburg, but he died of fever on May 12, 1781. The British withdrew from Philadelphia in June 1778, and Washington appointed Arnold military commander of the city. Wilson believes that the explanation most consistent with the available documentation is that Sage was either the result of a liaison before Arnold left England or that he was Arnold's grandson by one of his older children. betrayal. [23] The Stamp Act prompted Arnold to join the chorus of voices in opposition, and also led to his joining the Sons of Liberty, a secret organization which advocated resistance to those and other restrictive Parliamentary measures. Scholastica, the founder of the Benedictine sisters, was Benedict's sister. You may think it was odd that parents would name their newborn . At his request, a court martial was held to clear his name. [132], Early biographers attempted to describe Arnold's entire life in terms of treacherous or morally questionable behavior. Mo talks with author Nathaniel Philbrick about the now . Soon after Ticonderoga, Arnold brought his men on a dangerous trek through the . [68] Stansbury ignored instructions from Arnold to involve no one else in the plot, and he crossed the British lines and went to see Jonathan Odell in New York. During the summer of 1778, he met Peggy Shippen, the 18-year-old daughter of Judge Edward Shippen (III), a Loyalist sympathizer who had done business with the British while they occupied the city;[57] Peggy had been courted by British Major John Andr during the British occupation of Philadelphia. It was invoked again as sectional conflicts increased in the years before the American Civil War. Yet as every elementary school student knows, Benedict reneged on his original commitment and defected to England. Arnold wrote out passes for Andr so that he would be able to pass through the lines, and he also gave him plans for West Point. The most famous of these occurred on May 10, 1775, when Ethan Allen and his band of Green Mountain Boys, accompanied by Benedict Arnold, who held a commission from . His first name was actually Enoch. The September 21 meeting with British Major John Andre was a disaster for both men. S T I L L W A T E R, N.Y., June 14, 2001 -- Benedict Arnold, America's most infamous. Arnold was let off with just a slap on the wrist, but again his pride had been wounded. By early July, he was back in Philadelphia, where he wrote another secret message to Clinton on July 7 which implied that his appointment to West Point was assured and that he might even provide a "drawing of the works by which you might take [West Point] without loss". Benedict Arnold is an epithet for traitor in the United States; calling a person a Benedict Arnold implies that they are a traitor. 0:00. [103] He had suffered from gout since 1775,[124] and the condition attacked his unwounded leg to the point where he was unable to go to sea. Interesting Facts About Benedict Arnold. [6] In December 1780, he led a force of 1,600 troops into Virginia under orders from Clinton, where he captured Richmond by surprise and then went on a rampage through Virginia, destroying supply houses, foundries, and mills. [a][133] Historical markers in Danvers, Massachusetts, and Newburyport, MA commemorate Arnold's 1775 expedition to Quebec. In an ironic twist, Heron went into New York unaware of the significance of the letter and offered his own services to the British as a spy. However, British casualties were high; nearly one quarter of the force was killed or wounded, and Clinton declared that he could ill afford any more such victories. He could not cope with failure and disgrace. [46] During the fighting in the second battle, Arnold disobeyed Gates' orders and took to the battlefield to lead attacks on the British defenses. Arnold became a shrewd and prosperous trader in New Haven while also joining the local militia in 1774 and being named its captain soon thereafter. Only action by Arnold's superior at Ticonderoga prevented his own arrest on countercharges leveled by Hazen. Benedict Arnold, (born January 14, 1741, Norwich, Connecticut [U.S.]died June 14, 1801, London, England), patriot officer who served the cause of the American Revolution until 1779, when he shifted his allegiance to the British. (Benedict Cumberbatch doesn't count; he's British.) [9], Arnold's father was a successful businessman, and the family moved in the upper levels of Norwich society. [113] Other attempts all failed to gain positions within the government or the British East India Company over the next few years, and he was forced to subsist on the reduced pay of non-wartime service. His difficult time in New Brunswick led historians to summarize it as full of "controversy, resentment, and legal entanglements" and to conclude that he was disliked by both Americans and Loyalists living there. Despite his popularity and battlefield prowess, Benedict Arnold eventually broke bad. The fourth niche is pointedly empty. [citation needed]. [6][103] Among his bequests were considerable gifts to one John Sage, perhaps an illegitimate son or grandson. Things Trump will never be. The sacrifice of Andr made Arnold odious to loyalists, and his reputation was further tarnished among his former neighbours when he led a raid on New London, Connecticut, in September 1781. Samuel Spring carried him to the makeshift hospital at the Htel Dieu. Arnold's childhood was marred by tragedy; by age 20, he was an orphan struggling to make his way in the world as an apothecary. [75], Arnold's court martial on charges of profiteering began meeting on June 1, 1779, but it was delayed until December 1779 by Clinton's capture of Stony Point, New York, throwing the army into a flurry of activity to react. Arnold's friend, George Washington, was heartbroken over the news, but was forced to deal with the treacherous act. He returned to the army at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, in May 1778 to the applause of men who had served under him at Saratoga. Arnold repeatedly claimed that he was being passed over for promotion by the Continental Congress, and that other officers were being given credit for some of his accomplishments. [66] Biographer Nathaniel Philbrick argues: Peggy Shippen did have a significant role in the plot. Before his name became synonymous with treason, Benedict Arnold was a bonafide hero of the American Revolutionary War. He received a colonel's commission in the Continental Army for this expedition and left Cambridge in September 1775 with 1,100 men. [1] Only he and his sister Hannah survived to adulthood; his other siblings died from yellow fever in childhood. These letters were delivered by Samuel Wallis, another Philadelphia businessman who spied for the British, rather than by Stansbury. After trying and failing to hand the fort at West Point over to the British, he joined the Royal Army and took . While en route to West Point, Arnold renewed an acquaintance with Joshua Hett Smith, who had spied for both sides and who owned a house near the western bank of the Hudson about 15 miles south of West Point. [11], In 1755, Arnold was attracted by the sound of a drummer and attempted to enlist in the provincial militia for service in the French and Indian War, but his mother refused permission. Two months later he repelled a British attack on Danbury, Connecticut, and was made a major general, but his seniority was not restored and Arnold felt his honour impugned. Some theatrical treatments of the 19th century explored his duplicity, seeking to understand rather than demonize it. [141] Historian Barry Wilson points out that Arnold's descendants established deep roots in Canada, becoming leading settlers in Upper Canada and Saskatchewan. In his martial success, he became the target of jealous mediocrities. And those of us with long memories can take some comfort that things didn't go much better for Arnold once he left the colonies to live in . After Arnold was wounded in 1777, George Washington named him military governor of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, recently abandoned by the British. He traveled extensively in the course of his business throughout New England and from Quebec to the West Indies, often in command of one of his own ships. On the morning of September 22, from their position at Teller's Point, two American rebels, John "Jack" Peterson and Moses Sherwood, under the command of Col. James Livingston fired on HMS Vulture, the ship that was intended to carry Andr back to New York. A Connecticut militia force arrived at Ticonderoga in June; Arnold had a dispute with its commander over control of the fort, and resigned his Massachusetts commission. [3] Some among those in his military and political circles charged him with corruption and other bad acts. Thereupon I expressed the desire of seeing that gentleman, and, shortly after, I was introduced to him. [88], On August 30, Arnold sent a letter accepting Clinton's terms and proposing a meeting to Andr through yet another intermediary: William Heron, a member of the Connecticut Assembly whom he thought he could trust. During the American War for Independence, several engagements were fought at the five-pointed star-shaped Fort Ticonderoga. [148] He was buried at St Mary's Church, Battersea, England which has a commemorative stained glass window. But the brash war herohe helped take Fort Ticonderoga and led troops. Washington refused his offer to resign, and wrote to members of Congress in an attempt to correct this, noting that "two or three other very good officers" might be lost if they persisted in making politically motivated promotions. Benedict Arnold was named brigadier general by the British government and sent on raids to . [22] In a strange twist of fate, "the second most hated British . American, then British officer after defecting during the US Revolutionary War (17401801), For other people named Benedict Arnold, see, Raids in Virginia and Connecticut colonies, Arnold's birth records indicate that he was born January 3, 1740 (, One British pound in 1776 would be worth about 160 in 2019. [105] He also wrote in the letter to Washington requesting safe passage for Peggy: "Love to my country actuates my present conduct, however it may appear inconsistent to the world, who very seldom judge right of any man's actions. Arnold's letters continued to detail Washington's troop movements and provide information about French reinforcements that were being organized. British reinforcements arrived in late March led by William Phillips who served under Burgoyne at Saratoga. One month after taking command, Arnold slipped the plans to British Major John Andr in exchange for 20,000 pounds of sterling, the equivalent of more than $4 million today. John Andr was executed for spying. Discussions had not borne fruit between Schuyler and Washington by early June. Benedict died of natural causes, maybe a fever. [140], Canadian historians have treated Arnold as a relatively minor figure. [6] With the outbreak of the French Revolution, Arnold outfitted a privateer, while continuing to do business in the West Indies, even though the hostilities increased the risk. This was the last straw. Far fewer know . His physicians diagnosed him as having dropsy, and a visit to the countryside only temporarily improved his condition. Historians have identified many possible factors contributing to Arnold's treason, while some debate their relative importance. [149] The faculty club at the University of New Brunswick, Fredericton has a Benedict Arnold Room in which letters written by Arnold hang on the walls. [76] Several members on the panel of judges were ill-disposed toward Arnold over actions and disputes earlier in the war, yet Arnold was cleared of all but two minor charges on January 26, 1780. [107], The pursuing American army included the Marquis de Lafayette, who was under orders from Washington to hang Arnold summarily if he was captured. In a July 11 letter, he complained that the British did not appear to trust him, and threatened to break off negotiations unless progress was made. Benedict Arnold passed away on 3 March 1849. [1] [7] Arnold was the fourth surviving member of his family named after his great-grandfather Benedict Arnold I, an early governor of the Colony of Rhode Island; his grandfather (Benedict Arnold II) and father, as well as an older brother who died in infancy, were also named for the colonial governor. He grew resentful of several rival and younger generals who had been promoted ahead of him and given honors which he thought he deserved. [70] This initial letter opened a discussion on the types of assistance and intelligence that Arnold might provide, and included instructions for how to communicate in the future. [74] Furthermore, revolutionary mobs were scouring Philadelphia for Loyalists, and Arnold and the Shippen family were being threatened. In exchange for cash and a commission in the British army, Major General Arnold promised to betray his cause and hand over the American fort at West Point. [62], Arnold had been badly wounded twice in battle and had lost his business in Connecticut, which made him profoundly bitter. Arnold returned to England in 1791, but he left to spend several years privateering in the West Indies before permanently settling in London. One critic said that he was a "mean mercenary, who, having adopted a cause for the sake of plunder, quits it when convicted of that charge". It was General Arnold. As a young man, Arnold. She was a close friend of British major John Andr and kept in contact with him when he became head of the British espionage system in New York. Though Trump has checked off the betray the USA box quite well. She was the conduit for information to the British. Jul 4, 2020, 05:04 AM EDT | Updated Jul 4, 2020. Benedict Arnold By Joyce Lee Malcolm. He was again severely wounded in the left leg late in the fighting. William Fitch Arnold (17941846) (Captain, Benedict Arnold, played by Curtis Caravaggio, is a one-time character in the episode "The Capture of Benedict Arnold" in the 2016-18 TV series, Courtwright, Julie. Benedict Arnold was born on January 14, 1741, in Norwich, Colony of Connecticut, British America. At the age of sixteen, Arnold enlisted in a militia and served in the French and Indian War in upstate New York . He was a war hero who persistently fought for America's independence. Working as a spy, Armistead gained the trust of General Cornwallis and Benedict Arnold,. Arnold was promoted to brigadier general for his role in reaching Quebec, and he maintained an ineffectual siege of the city until he was replaced by Major General David Wooster in April 1776. Some could even argue that, patriotism aside, it might have seemed insane for him not to turn traitor. Later he became infamous for being a traitor, fighting for the British. Benedict Arnold was an American Senior Officer during the Revolutionary War. Benedict Arnold was born on January 14, 1741 in Norwich, Connecticut and named after his His mother was Hannah Waterman King, a rich widow. Through the early morning hours of Sept. 22, 1780 the two plotted. The absent name is Benedict Arnold, a name now synonymous with "traitor." Many Americans understand why his name has been erased from the chapel of the garrison he once commanded. . On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. [33], The Second Continental Congress authorized an invasion of Quebec, in part on the urging of Arnoldbut he was passed over for command of the expedition. Arnold reopened the secret channels with the British, informing them of Schuyler's proposals and including Schuyler's assessment of conditions at West Point. By. [108], On his return to New York in June, Arnold made a variety of proposals for attacks on economic targets to force the Americans to end the war. [13] A commonly accepted story that he deserted from militia service in 1758[14] is based on uncertain documentary evidence.[15]. [36] However, an acrimonious dispute with Moses Hazen, commander of the 2nd Canadian Regiment, boiled into Hazen's court martial at Ticonderoga during the summer of 1776. Upon the outbreak of hostilities at Lexington, Massachusetts (April 1775), Arnold volunteered for service and participated with Ethan Allen in the successful colonial attack on British-held Fort Ticonderoga, New York, the following month. [24] Arnold initially took no part in any public demonstrations but, like many merchants, continued to do business openly in defiance of the Parliamentary Acts, which legally amounted to smuggling. "[108] Cornwallis ignored Arnold's advice to locate a permanent base away from the coast, advice that might have averted his surrender at Yorktown. However, his actions at Saint-Jean and Valcour Island played a notable role in delaying the British advance against Ticonderoga until 1777. General George Washington had given him his fullest trust and had placed him in command of West Point in New York. Benedict Arnold's name is synonymous with the word traitor. One plaque bears only a rank and a date but no name: "major general born 1740". Arnold's Family Life Was Messy By The Time He Was 20. The America. It is impossible to say when 37-year-old Benedict Arnold first met 18-year-old Peggy Shippen, but we do know that on September 25, 1778, he wrote her a love lettermuch of it an exact copy of . This monument was erected under the patronage of the State of Connecticut in the 55th year of the Independence of the U.S.A. in memory of the brave patriots massacred at Fort Griswold near this spot on the 6th of Sept. He was well received by King George III and the Tories but frowned upon by the Whigs and most Army officers. After Benedict Arnold betrayed the Continental Army, his British contact, Major John Andr, was captured by the Americans and hanged as a spy while Arnold escaped on a British ship. Letters were to be passed through the women's circle that Peggy Arnold was a part of, but only Peggy would be aware that some letters contained instructions that were to be passed on to Andr, written in both code and invisible ink, using Stansbury as the courier. Benedict Arnold was born on Jan. 14, 1741 in Norwich, Connecticut. [128][d], Benedict Arnold's name became synonymous with "traitor" soon after his betrayal became public, and biblical themes were often invoked. Nor was it named after Pope Benedict XIII, the leader of the Catholic Church from 1724 to 1730 (or any of the 15 other popes who took the name Benedict). This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Benedict-Arnold, American Battlefield Trust - Biography of Benedict Arnold, Dictionary of Canadian Biography - Biography of Benedict Arnold, The Washington Library Center for Digital History - Biography of Benedict Arnold, United States History - Biography of Benedict Arnold, Benedict Arnold - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Benedict Arnold - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Benedict Arnold: meeting with Maj. John Andr. Arnold established himself in business in 1762 as a pharmacist and bookseller in New Haven, Connecticut, with the help of the Lathrops. He was the second of the couple's six children. [99][100] Upon receiving Jameson's message, however, he learned that Jameson had sent Washington the papers which Andr was carrying. Clinton was concerned that Washington's army and the French fleet would join in Rhode Island, and he again fixed on West Point as a strategic point to capture. Arnold demanded a court martial to clear the charges, writing to Washington in May 1779: "Having become a cripple in the service of my country, I little expected to meet ungrateful returns". The French had besieged Fort William Henry in northeastern New York, and their Indian allies had committed atrocities after their victory. [49][citation not found], Arnold spent several months recovering from his injuries. In the United States, the name of Benedict Arnold is synonymous with treason. [42] Amid negotiations over that issue, Arnold wrote out a letter of resignation on July 11, the same day that word arrived in Philadelphia that Fort Ticonderoga had fallen to the British. 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