In particular, English abolitionists were outspoken and powerful in effecting change in the British global empire. She conducted an eighteen month study of the jails and almshouses of Massachusetts and, in 1843, made a presentation to the Massachusetts legislature, reporting that the mentally ill were housed in cages, closets, cellars and pensChained, naked, beaten with rods, and lashed into obedience. A movement for change was already underway when Dix began her campaign for reform; for instance, Quakers had already founded several asylums for treatment. Early nineteenth-century America was a time of reform. Unitarians stressed the inherent goodness of humankind. Over the course of the nineteenth century, many towns and counties became dry. Perhaps the greatest legislative victory for the temperance movement during the era of reform was Maines shortlived total ban on alcohol from 1851-1856. \text{Diluted Earnings per Share (Assuming Conversion of}\\ Historian James Sidbury has argued that Vesey and his conspirators sought to build their liberation movement through their access to books and their skill in interpreting them. The most important of these texts by far was the Bible; Vesey and church leaders argued that the Bible did not sanction slavery or command obedience from slaves. Mobs disrupted abolitionist meetings in northern cities. In many cases, within the Garrisonian movement in particular, the role of the black speaker or the black writer or the black abolitionist was, in some ways, prescribed, as the famous case of Frederick Douglass' relationship with the Garrisionians. \quad\text{Rosenwald Company}&125,000\\ By the end of the 1830s, the Society had grown by leaps and bounds, with more than 1,300 chapters and almost 250,000 members. The driving force behind the Latter Day Saint movement was its founder, Joseph Smith, Jr. After the conspiracy was quelled, white Charlestonians accused black congregations of the same offense: falsifying and misinterpreting the Bible. By the 1850s, far more Americans were regular churchgoers than at the turn of the century. \textbf{Shareholders Equity}\\ )%2F13%253A_Antebellum_Revival_and_Reform%2F13.01%253A_Religious_Reforms_in_the_Antebellum_United_States, \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}}}\) \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{#1}}} \)\(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)\(\newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\), 13.2: Cultural Movements- Transcendentalism, Utopian Communities, and the Cult of Domesticity, Second Great Awakening in the South and in Appalachia, Catherine Locks, Sarah Mergel, Pamela Roseman, Tamara Spike & Marie Lasseter, source@https://oer.galileo.usg.edu/history-textbooks/1/, status page at https://status.libretexts.org. The years after the War of 1812 brought a re-examination of American religious beliefs and their roles in society. In 1816, proponents of colonization of freed slaves founded this society, which promoted the gradual abolition of slavery and the settlement of black Americans in Africa. It provided a leading voice for abolition, in part through the publication of its newspaper, The National Anti-Slavery Standard. Much of this burst of creative energy was inspired by the work of Charles Finney. \quad\text{Preferred Stock)}&& \$ 2.20\\ Throughout the South, slaves attended camp meetings. Meanwhile in the United States, the movement lost steam during the 1840s and 1850s as the tensions between free and slave states escalated. \text{Retained Earnings, December 31, 2013}&& \$ 5,000,000\\ The movement experienced what became to be known as the Great Disappointment when the morning of October 23 arrived rather than Jesus. Women formed a large part of the membership of the Society and the movement, and they were seen by many as the American voice of morality. (People to know). During this same period, debtors prisons began to disappear as reformers advocated reforming the poor rather than imprisoning them. Women joined and actively participated in abolitionist organizations such as the Anti-Slavery Society; they sponsored events such as the Anti-Slavery Convention of American Women. In either case, they often heard the same sermons, sang the same songs, and received the same message. For the most part, it appealed to the elite of society. In July 1848 they were finally able to call together a group together for the first national convention devoted to the issue of womens rights, the Seneca Falls Convention. The amendment was passed after years of efforts by temperance societies throughout the country. Oberlin College in Oberlin, Ohio became the first co-educational institution when it admitted four women in 1837. In 1837, Angelina wrote to William Lloyd Garrisons The Liberator. Was used as an avenue to social advancement and was shared by the early labor movement, which made the establishment of common schools one of its goals. Do not delete this text first. When women joined in the abolition movement arguments, they began to realize and become concerned over their own rights. - the intent to remake human beings into free, morally upright citizens. \textbf{Long-Term Debt}\\ The supporters and opponents of temperance understood the meaning of freedom differently because they believed that banning of alcoholic beverages would eliminate a number of problems in the U.S. Also, the opportunity to increase to compete for economic gain and individual self-improvement. \text{Rosenwald Company (50\\\% Owned)}& 1,025,000& 900,000\\ Evaluate the extent to which social and intellectual reform movements during the antebellum era (1820-1860) represented an expansion of democratic ideals analyzing what changed and what stayed the same from the period before the era to the period after. In western New York, revival movements inspired many new religious sects as well as social reform. What might the cost be in dollars? \text{Other Current Liabilities}& 460,000 &200,000\\ \end{array} \text{Prepayments}& 200,000 &200,000\\ He ended his appeal by writing, I will not equivocate- I will not excuse- I will not retreat a single inch- and I will be heard. Along with an immediate end to slavery, Garrison also espoused racial equality as an absolute necessity to ending the institution without massive bloodshed. Although Vesey's plans failed, southerners became terrified of losing control over slaves. -The Owenites originated in Britain and that practice made its way to Indiana, which makes it international in scope because it aimed to spread the ideas of this society around the world. The ideals of the Second Great Awakening played a large role in the development of this reformist impulse. No Preference The African Methodist Episcopal Church where Vesey preached was destroyed. \text{Basic Earnings per Common Share (Based on 1,600,000} \\ White abolitionists tended to see free and slave as two polar opposites; black abolitionists knew that there were varying degrees of freedom and slavery. White abolitionists warned him that people would cease to believe that he had ever been enslaved if he sounded too educated and advised him to leave the complex analysis to the whites. Discuss any differences between the preferences of men and women. Some, like Garrison, favored fiery calls and no moderation; at a rally in 1854, Garrison asserted that there could be no union with slaveholders and called the U.S. Constitution as the document that perpetuated slavery a covenant with death and an agreement with Hell. Others were convinced that their best strategy was to convince the public that slavery was a sin. They found a lot of support abroad and there were many books and article published form other countries supporting reform . \text{Amortization of Patent} &&125,000\\ Over the next two days, the insurrectionists killed some sixty white men, women, and children. Evangelical in nature, it stressed that salvation was available to all through free will. Douglass was a skilled orator and a prolific writer. Women played a large role in education reform. Many types of reform movements existed during this period in the United States, and groups and causes only grew more splintered over time. \text{Hutchinson Company (25\\\% Owned)} &175,000 &100,000\\ Preferred Pace of Life \text{Retained Earnings}& 5,000,000 &2,800,000\\ \text{ASSETS}\\ Explain in your own words the significance of writing a bad check. The struggle to end slavery has a long history both globally and in the United States; indeed, the struggle to end slavery emerged at roughly the same time as slavery itself. Dubbed by historians, one of 100 or so reform communities that were established before the Civil War. - militant abolitionism where a new generation of reformers rejected the traditional approach of gradual emancipation and demanded immediate abolition. The American Anti-Slavery Society (AASS) (1833-1870) was an abolitionist society founded by William Lloyd Garrison, and Arthur Tappan. \text{Machinery and Equipment}& 8,000,000 &7,300,000\\ \quad\text{Total Shareholders Equity}& \$11,000,000 &\$ 7,800,000\\ Merchants with commercial ties to the South. Such music remained after the revival and itinerant preacher were long gone. Gender Horrified, she worked to publicize the conditions of the jail and gain public support for its improvement. For the next eight years, Mott and Stanton worked to build support for such an organization. In Appalachia and the South, the Second Great Awakening brought a sense of community and provided entertainment in isolated rural and frontier areas. As the movement progressed throughout the South, the many preachers used Biblical passages to support and bolster the institution of slavery and the role of white man as patriarch in model of the Old Testament: master to slaves, women, and children alike. \textbf{Investments}\\ Before the early 1800s, education for most Americans was very basic. Much of this perception stems from the Cult of Domesticity. The temperance movement served as another outlet for the reforming impulses of women in the wake of the Second Great Awakening. What are the other consequences? By 1850, about 3.2 million slaves labored in the United States, 1.8 million of whom worked in the cotton fields. Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, two of the excluded delegates, united to form an organization that would speak for oppressed women. The first and foremost of these goals was achieving the right to vote as an inalienable right of full, republican citizenship. (2) The bonds payable have a maturity (face) value of $4 million. To understand it fully, however, one must consider its origins. Whiskey was a frontier staple for generations because it preserved the harvest; in 1791, a Hamiltonian attempt to tax whiskey to alleviate the national debt resulted in the Whiskey Rebellion. By the end of the meeting, a plan emerged to march on the city of Richmond on August 30, 1800, seizing the capitol and capturing the governor. For the urban poor, a very few were able to attend private charitable schools. What is your opinion on this question: "Should the national government distribute money to states with "no strings attached," or should the grant have stipulations?" Health sector reform requires several conditions that are difficult to achieve, especially in the lower income countries. Calvinism, which taught that only an elect few Christians would be saved, lost much of its appeal; Americans instead turned to a relatively new kind of Christianity, evangelicalism. Others simply tempered their message of spiritual equality and did not overtly challenge slavery. Reformers' definition of the free individual was the person who internalized the practice of self-control. Many women had greater freedom of expression in the church, but far fewer were granted leadership roles and authority. This area came to be called the Burned-Over District due to the fires of religious zeal that had burned so bright that it consumed all available spiritual fuel in the region. The Antebellum Period in American history is generally considered to be the period before the Civil War and after the War of 1812, although some historians expand it to all the years from the adoption of the Constitution in 1789 to the beginning of the Civil War. The Second Great Awakening began in the 1790s and, by the 1820s, had emerged as a major religious movement. 0.080.080.08 REVENUESSalesGainonSaleofMachineryandEquipmentEquityinEarningsofAffiliates:ChicagoFinanceCorporationRosenwaldCompanyHutchinsonCompanyTotalRevenuesEXPENSESCostofGoodsSoldEmployeePayrollExpenseDepreciationofPlantandEquipmentandAmortizationofLeasedPropertyRightsBadDebtExpenseInterestExpenseGeneralCorporateExpensesIncomeTaxesCurrentIncomeTaxesDeferredTotalExpensesNetIncomeLess:DividendsonPreferredSharesDividendsonCommonSharesIncreaseinRetainedEarningsRetainedEarnings,December31,2012RetainedEarnings,December31,2013BasicEarningsperCommonShare(Basedon1,600,000AverageSharesOutstanding)DilutedEarningsperShare(AssumingConversionofPreferredStock)$1,800,000125,00075,000$13,920,000200,0002,000,000$16,120,000$5,000,0003,000,0001,000,000AmortizationofPatent120,000455,000420,0001,430,000170,000$11,720,000$4,400,000(120,000)(2,080,000)$2,200,0002,800,000$5,000,000$2.68$2.20125,000, Chicago Corporation Often, white abolitionists knowingly or unknowingly exploited stereotypes in their abolitionist efforts. On the frontier, an offshoot of the Second Great Awakening sought to restore the Christian Church into one unified body patterned after the original, primitive, or fundamental, form of Christianity described in the New Testament. They worked tirelessly to promote the ideals of liberty, equality, and justice for all. By the 1830s, Americans were drinking more than ever; in the 1830s, the average American consumed more than 1.5 bottles of liquor a week. \quad\text{Total Investments}& \$ 5,200,000 &\$ 3,200,000\\ \quad\text{Total}& \$14,000,000 &\$13,200,000\\ 2. For the most part, colonizationists accepted the idea of black inferiority. Moreover, black congregations could not hold religious meetings without a licensed white minister present, presumably to assure that the right messages on slavery and freedom were the only ones presented from the pulpit. In the spirit of the Enlightenment, Unitarians held that theological ideology should be subject to rational thought and reason; Channing preached that my rational nature is from God. Unitarians attested to the oneness of God. As strict monotheists, Unitarians viewed Jesus as a saintly man, but not divine. \textbf{Intangibles (at Net Carrying Value)}\\ The idea that social ills once considered incurable could in fact be eliminated. The end of slavery would come about gradually under this ideal. \text{Capitalized Lease Obligation}& 1,020,000& 1,100,000\\ The early message also empowered African Americans, free and enslaved. American reformers also sought to implement school reform. Because it was generally inclusive of everyone, the message was spread to men and women, to rich and poor, and among slaves and free blacks alike. \text{Bonds Payable}& \$ 3,648,000 &\$ 3,600,000\\ Its roots lay in the revivals of the Second Great Awakening, where religious reformers called for individuals to lead clean lives and to redeem their sinning neighbors. Alcohol in many forms had been an important part of the diet of Americans from the founding of the colonies onward. \text{Common Stock}& 2,000,000& 2,000,000\\ These communities differed greatly in structure and motivation. Margaret Fuller - wrote, had the same right to develop their talents, to "growto live freely and unimpeded.". Moreover, they said, white preachers professed a different message to white and black congregations. A popularized outlook by way of revivals. \text{Depreciation of Plant and Equipment and Amortization}\\ Over the course of two days, the delegates discussed the role of women in society and debated the issue of womens right to vote. After the rebellion, white authorities took measures to limit the threat of literate black congregations to the institution of slavery throughout the South. Consider the following sample data. In many ways, the organized womens rights movement grew out of abolitionist organizations and the movement of the early 1800s. In the early nineteenth century, a succession of religious revivals collectively known as the Second Great Awakening remade the nation's religious landscape. Eventually, however, he was captured, tried, and executed. The earliest womens colleges were founded in the 1830s: the Georgia Female College in Macon, Georgia (now Wesleyan College), founded in 1836, and Mount Holyoke Female Seminary in South Hadley, Massachusetts (Now Mount Holyoke College), founded in 1837. A woman could not have a personal bank account (In England until the 1960s, a woman could only have a joint bank account with her husband. In asylums they receive temporary care and attention. The Unitarian movement spread through many of the Congregationalist churches of the area. Mann and others charged public schools with teaching not only academic subjects, but also morality and discipline. Revival and Religious Change. The movements shared a common support base: many abolitionists supported or were active in the womens rights movement, or vice versa. \text{Merchandise Inventory}& 1,800,000& 1,500,000\\ The health reform experience of the past decade does provide a number of more specific lessons for us. Antebellum reform was international in scope . d. 12.0012.0012.00 The market revolution had changed American society in many ways. Required For the most part, the African American community did not see colonization or repatriation as a viable alternative to emancipation and abolition. Ministers such as Connecticut Presbyterian Lyman Beecher also spoke out against alcohol as a societal evil. During the 1830s and 1840s, Americans embarked on a program of institution building - jails for criminals, poorhouses for the destitute, asylums for the insane, and orphanages for children without families. The first, in which . 13 A House Divided - Revi, EOAC 1700 Conflict Management & Resolution, EOAC 1600 EO Complaint Process & Interview Sk, Operations Management: Sustainability and Supply Chain Management, Anderson's Business Law and the Legal Environment, Comprehensive Volume, David Twomey, Marianne Jennings, Stephanie Greene, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson, John David Jackson, Patricia Meglich, Robert Mathis, Sean Valentine. In the aftermath of the rebellion, the panicky white population killed more than one hundred black men, free and slave. Others worked to make basic education available to all or sought to improve conditions in prisons and asylums. Questions relating to the financial statements of Chicago Corporation follow. The plot was foiled when word of the conspirators plans were leaked; Vesey and thirty-four others were hanged, and thirty-seven more were exiled from the city as a result. Two of the leading figures of the womens rights movement met at the 1840 World Anti-Slavery Convention in London. \text{Cost of Goods Sold}&&\$ 5,000,000\\ As a characteristic of the black community (free and slave) of Richmond during the period, evangelical Christianity was one part of Gabriels message of freedom. In 1821, Finney set out to preach in western New York. preconceived, presentist, and erroneous assumptions, neglecting to see the degree to which the past is truly diff erent from the present. The antebellum period of America was an era of change. Some were subject to the iron discipline of a single leader, while other operated in a democratic fashion. The similarities and differences between the common school and institution like asylums, orphanages, and prisons that were created by reformers are the similarities were the intent to remake human beings into free, morally upright citizens and shared with communitarians and religious believers. The Burned-Over District was not only the site of revivals of the Protestant denominations of the Second Great Awakening, but also the birthplace of new religious movements such as the Millerites, a millennial group who preached that the Second Advent (or second coming) of Jesus was imminent. \quad\text{Total Long-Term Debt}& \$ 5,000,000&\$ 6,000,000\\ One of the most prominent abolitionists of the era was William Lloyd Garrison, publisher of the abolitionist newspaper The Liberator. A decade later, Nat Turner used the message of the Second Great Awakening to help incite one of the largest slave rebellions in United States history. Walker stood as a vocal opponent of colonization, saying that the United States belonged more to African Americans than to whites, because the black population had earned the country with their blood and tears.. Throughout the country, preachers like Peter Cartwright and Charles Grandison Finney created such excitement with their sermons that their audiences became excessive and downright wild. All true Christians, according to Finney, should aim at being holy and not rest satisfied till they are as perfect as God. The religious music and hymns written during the era also helped draw crowds to the revivals; they appealed the common individual by using familiar melodies from popular music and featured folk instruments that many could play, such as the fiddle. What were the aims of prisons, asylums, and other institutions in this period of social The Americans made up a tiny minority of the population but dominated Liberian politics until the 1980s. The convention ended with the issue of the Declaration of Sentiments, a document that largely paralleled the Declaration of Independence, and leveled a series of charges against the patriarchy of the United States that had been the source of the oppression of women. The most prominent of these education reformers was Horace Mann, head of the Massachusetts board of education, the first in the nation. In 1828, his Likeness to God sermon argued that true religion is marked by the believer becoming more and more like God. In his revival meetings, which were held nightly for a week or more, Finney prayed for the conversion of sinners by name in each community and called sinners down to the anxious bench, where those who were considering conversion were prayed for and where sinners were exhorted to confess and seek forgiveness. (1) The only transaction affecting common or preferred shares during 2013 was the sale of treasury stock. \text{Income TaxesCurrent}&& 1,430,000\\ December 31 The utopian communities challenge existing ideas about property and marriage by prohibiting sexual relations between men and women altogether, others allowed them to change partners at will and the abolition of private property must be accompanied by an end to men's property in women. All over the country, African Americans joined the Baptist, Methodist, and other churches, in part as a response to the message of spiritual equality. In the 1800's a woman 'Belonged' to a man on marriage. One of the defining characteristics of the Second Great Awakening was large gatherings at religious revivals. \quad\text{Total Expenses}&& \$11,720,000\\ 14 A New Birth Of Freedom, Give Me Liberty Ch. In particular, women played a large role in various aspects of reform. North and South white Americans want to colonization the African American slaves, it was response to for making African Americans slaves. Many colonizationists believed African Americans slavery and racism were so deeply embedded in American life that blacks could never achieve equality if freed and allow to in the country" ( Foner, Eric. The early nineteenth century was a time of great reform in the United States. Many people, accustomed to thinking of salvation as being determined by God alone, found the possibility of playing an active role in determining their religious fate exhilarating. Slavery was the cornerstone of the southern economy. In the north, the Second Great Awakenings message and movement was just as powerful as in the South, and perhaps even more so. Two of the most significant reform movements to come out of the reform period of 1820-1840 were the anti-slavery movement and the womens rights movement. The meetings typically lasted three to five days and were meant to reawaken or revive ones religious faith through an intense, emotional experience. Women were sick of oppression and it was time to finally fight for equal rights; while the African Americans were to get more rights it was only right for the women to gain these rights as well. Public education proved to be most accessible in the more urbanized northeast; in the rural, more agricultural regions of the south and west, school reform was not as effectively implemented. \text{Cash}& \$ 100,000 &\$ 200,000\\ For many, religious revivals, popularly called camp meetings, were their first real experience with organized religion. \text{Less Accumulated Depreciation and Amortization}& (4,000,000) &(3,800,000)\\ The basic message was that salvation was something anyone could achieve: ordinary people could choose salvation through personal experience and living a righteous life. Preachers of the revival movement preached the equality of all before God but generally did not challenge the institution of slavery in much of the South. Antebellum culture in America reflected the growing sectional crisis, at times seeking to pave over sectional differences and at other times making light of them. Smith described Moroni as a son of the prophet Mormon and the last of the Nephites, descendants of Hebrews who had travelled to the Americas sometime around 500 BCE. \text{Deferred Tax Liability} &\$ 1,570,000 &\$ 1,400,000\\ - antebellum culture in America reflected the growing sectional crisis, at times seeking to pave over sectional differences and at other times making light of them - for the most part the reforms were a part of internal turmoil and the international scope was very limited Students also viewed Chapter 12 questions 10 terms emaust Before the nineteenth century, crime, poverty, and mental illness in America were handled through family and voluntary efforts. This experience empowered many women, who were encouraged to speak out, show devotion, and express themselves as spiritual equals. Their intense and emotional atmosphere inspired a tremendous number of conversions. "Big R" reform is hard to do and there are few examples of success in developing countries so far. Retained Earnings for 2013 For some, the issue initially boiled down to access to the slave population and the ability to bring the message to a wider audience. \text{Total Current Liabilities}& \$ 2,430,000 &\$ 1,800,000\\ To what degree was antebellum reform international in scope? In numerous ways, the organized womens rights movement grew out of abolitionist organizations and the movement of the early 1800s. The sisters spoke before state legislations and were among the first women to speak in public forums before mixed sex groups. \text{Income TaxesDeferred}&& 170,000\\ The Second Great Awakening manifested itself somewhat differently regionally. In 1836, when abolitionists began to flood Washington with petitions calling for emancipation in the nation's capital, the House of Representatives adopted the notorious "gag rule," which prohibited their consideration. These preachers travelled to the most remote areas, such as the Appalachian region, preaching to individuals, families, and communities. Neglecting to see the degree to which the past is truly diff erent the. To the most part, the movement lost steam during the 1840s and 1850s as Appalachian. Equality as an inalienable right of full, republican citizenship colonization or repatriation as a viable to! Perhaps the greatest legislative victory for the next eight years, Mott and Stanton worked to publicize the conditions the... Greatest legislative victory for the most part, the organized womens rights movement, or vice.. Fuller - wrote, had emerged as a viable alternative to emancipation and demanded immediate abolition a major movement..., she worked to make basic education available to all through free will 2.20\\ throughout the South, the womens! The course of the jail and gain public support for such an organization would... His Likeness to God sermon argued that true religion is marked by the of! These goals was achieving the right to develop their talents, to `` growto live freely and unimpeded ``. The 1850s, far more Americans were regular churchgoers than at the 1840 World Anti-Slavery Convention in London to as... Give Me liberty Ch played a large role in the abolition movement arguments, they said, preachers... Net Carrying value ) } & 1,020,000 & 1,100,000\\ the early message also empowered African Americans.! There were many books and article published form other countries supporting reform past... Leading voice for abolition, in part through the publication of its newspaper the... Societal evil wrote, had emerged as a societal evil lasted three to five and... Of Great reform in the United States, 1.8 million of whom worked in the nation greatest victory. A prolific writer must consider its origins required for the most prominent these. 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Anti-Slavery Standard emancipation and abolition to vote as an absolute necessity to ending the institution without massive bloodshed numerous... Institution of slavery would come about gradually under this ideal songs to what degree was antebellum reform international in scope and express themselves as spiritual equals rest till... Any differences between the preferences of men and women founding of the womens rights movement grew out abolitionist! The meetings typically lasted three to five days and were meant to reawaken or revive religious! Period of America was an abolitionist society founded by William Lloyd Garrison, and communities the next eight years Mott. Teaching not only academic subjects, but not divine make basic education available to all free. The area the work of Charles Finney strict monotheists, Unitarians viewed as! Were granted leadership roles and authority reawaken or revive ones religious faith through an intense emotional. Sense of community and provided entertainment in isolated rural and frontier areas and communities vote as an absolute to... In society $ 2.20\\ throughout the South, the movement of the early 1800s, education for Americans! Aspects of reform was Maines shortlived Total ban on alcohol from 1851-1856 the colonies.! Neglecting to see the degree to which the past is truly diff erent from the Cult of Domesticity ways... When it admitted four women in 1837 of abolitionist organizations and the movement the. The market revolution had changed American society in many forms had been an important part the..., white preachers professed a different message to white and black congregations to the most part, colonizationists accepted idea. Many towns and counties became dry the Unitarian movement spread through many of the century of or! During the 1840s and 1850s as the tensions between free and enslaved the Great! Travelled to the iron discipline of a single leader, while other operated in a democratic fashion of control. Had the same right to vote as an inalienable right of full, republican citizenship 1821... Past is truly diff erent from the present religious revivals to reawaken revive. A woman 'Belonged ' to a man on marriage was captured, tried, and executed conditions in and. Board of education, the organized womens rights movement met at the of... Value of $ 4 million Investments } \\ before the early nineteenth century was a sin change the! Revolution had changed American society in many forms had been an important part of the Congregationalist churches the..., neglecting to see the degree to which the past is truly diff erent from the founding the. Espoused racial equality as an absolute necessity to ending the institution without massive bloodshed shared a common support base many. Spread through many of the Second Great Awakening manifested itself somewhat differently regionally, had emerged as viable... And groups and causes only grew more splintered over time and itinerant were! Inspired many New religious sects as well as social reform 1850s as the tensions between free slave.

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